JHS-2 Syllabus - Chemical compounds

1.3.1 define a chemical compound

- brainstorm the definition of a compound
- list and discuss the composition of some compounds
- write the formulae of compounds. .

NOTE: Binary Compounds only required.

Write down the formulae of three simple compounds.

1.3.2 write the formulae of some compounds.

- discuss the systematic names of binary compounds

1.3.3 write the systematic names of simple compounds

- write word equations for some simple reactions.

1.3.4 write word equations for some simple reactions

1.3.5 balance simple chemical equations.


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JHS-2 Syllabus - Metals and non-metals

1.2.1 group the first twenty elements of the periodic table into metals and non-metals.

Properties of metals.
Chemical Properties of metals: Reactivity of metals

- group the first twenty elements on the periodic table into metals and non-metals.

NOTE: Use the position of the elements in the Periodic Table to group them into metals and non- metals.

- drop a small piece of a metal into dilute acid solution/lime juice. state their observations in each case and draw conclusion.

List four physical properties of metals.

1.2.2 explain why non-reactive metals are preferred in making ornaments and jewelry.

Differences between metals and non-metals.

Meaning of alloy:

- discuss why certain metals are used to make jewelry and ornaments.

- discuss the differences between metals and non-metals.

Name three metals that are: reactive, non-reactive

1.2.3 outline the composition of some common alloys and their uses.

- discuss the composition of some common alloys.

Uses of alloys.

Name four alloys and state their composition.

1.2.4 define and outline the effects of corrosion

Effects of rusting.

- perform activities to demonstrate the process of rusting using water, iron nails/steel sponge.

- discuss the effect of rusting on objects.

Explain the effects of corrosion of metals in buildings

Explain how rusting takes place.

1.2.5 describe ways for preventing rusting.

- discuss how surfaces of metals can be protected to prevent rusting.
- mention examples of iron – containing materials used in the home.
- bring some metallic items and use different processes for rust prevention on the items.

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JHS-2 Syllabus - Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

1.1.1 classify materials into elements, compounds and mixtures.

Meaning of elements, compounds and mixtures

- prepare a list of elements, compounds and mixtures.
- give the definition of an element with examples.

1.1.2 write the chemical symbols for the first twenty elements of the periodic table correctly.

Chemical substances are represented by symbols such as the following:

Sodium – Na
Calcium – Ca
Potassium – K

1.1.3 draw and label the structure of an atom.

- use models to explain the structure of an atom.
- draw the structure of an atom and label its parts
- mention the sub-atomic particles
- draw the distribution of electrons in the atoms of the first twenty elements of the periodic table.
- label the shells of the atoms.
NOTE: Detailed electronic structure not required.

1.1.4 state the electrical charges on the sub-atomic particles.

- show that atoms are electrically neutral.
- demonstrate that atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged and lose electrons to become positively charged

1.1.5 explain the formation of ions.

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JHS-1 Syllabus - Ecosystems

5.1.1 explain the meaning of ecosystem

5.1.2 describe the characteristics of different habitats.

Meaning of habitat. Types of Habitats

- discuss the characteristics of different types of habitats
- select an ecosystem to be studied as a project

NOTE: Records of types of plants and animals found in the area to be kept.

5.1.3 explain/ discuss the relationship between plants, animals and the chosen habitat.

Adaptations of organisms to the environment

Protective mechanisms of living organisms.

- collect and examine animals and plants found on land, in water and air and discuss how they are adapted for life in these environments,

NOTE: Shape, body structure, movement, reproduction, feeding habits, structural modifications for life in the environments of the following organisms: fish, frog, common water- plants, rabbits, bats, birds, to be studied.

5.1.4 explain the Interdependence of plants and animals.

Interdependence of living organisms in habitats.

- discuss devices employed by living organisms for protection.
- discuss how plants and animals depend on each other for food (e.g. herbivores, carnivores and omnivorous) and shelter to maintain a balance in nature.

- discuss the importance of the balance in nature.

5.1.5 describe how the energy derived from the sun is used by organisms in an ecosystem.

Energy transfer in an ecosystem.

- demonstrate through a food chain and food web how energy from the sun is used in an ecosystem.

5.1.6 describe the activities that disrupt the balance in the ecosystem and the effects of the disruption in the balance.

Effects of the disruption of balance in nature.

- discuss how the balance in nature may be disrupted.
- discuss effects of the disruption of the balance in nature.
- discuss ways to maintain balance in nature.

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JHS-1 Syllabus - Light energy

4.4.1 group light sources into natural or artificial lights.

4.4.2 distinguish among transparent, translucent and opaque
materials

4.4.3 demonstrate that light travels in a straight line.

Rectilinear propagation of light

4.4.4 describe the operation of the Pin Hole Camera

4.4.5 describe the formation of shadows

4.4.6 demonstrate the formation of eclipse

4.4.7 demonstrate the reflection and refraction of light

4.4.8 demonstrate the reflection and refraction of light.
- discuss the characteristics of images formed by a plane mirror.

- demonstrate the change in path of light as it travels from one medium to another.
- Explain why an object at the bottom of a pond appears closer to the surface.

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